{"id":52182,"date":"2024-03-18T18:17:26","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T15:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/?p=52182"},"modified":"2024-03-18T18:19:32","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T15:19:32","slug":"18-mart-1915-canakkale-deniz-savasi-sebepleri-gelisimi-ve-sonuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/tarih\/18-mart-1915-canakkale-deniz-savasi-sebepleri-gelisimi-ve-sonuclari\/","title":{"rendered":"18 MART 1915 \u00c7ANAKKALE DEN\u0130Z SAVA\u015eI: SEBEPLER\u0130, GEL\u0130\u015e\u0130M\u0130 ve SONU\u00c7LARI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>18 MART 1915 \u00c7ANAKKALE DEN\u0130Z SAVA\u015eI Giri\u015f;<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131, Marmara Denizi\u2019ni \u00f6n\u00fcndeki mavilikle, \u00e7evresindeki ye\u015filli\u011fi dar ve k\u0131vr\u0131k bir uzan\u0131\u015fla Ege Denizi\u2019 nden ay\u0131r\u0131yor. \u015eehrin \u00fcstk\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bo\u011faz\u0131 daraltmak i\u00e7in k\u0131vr\u0131lan tepenin a\u00e7\u0131k kahverengi topra\u011f\u0131na beyaz b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ay y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00e7izilmi\u015f. \u0130ki taraf\u0131na da b\u00fcy\u00fck ve beyaz rakamlarla 18 Mart 1915 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Yaz\u0131 \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131 ile birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcnce kanla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir destan\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.<br \/>\nBirinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde sava\u015f\u0131n muharip devletleri hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin tarafs\u0131z kalaca\u011f\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ancak 1914 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk bahar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni son derece rahats\u0131z eden<br \/>\niki konu \u00fclkeyi ister istemez Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Orta Avrupa devletlerinin yan\u0131nda yer almaya do\u011fru itti.<br \/>\nBunlardan birincisi, Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ve Anadolu yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen Ege adalar\u0131 idi.<br \/>\n\u0130kincisi ise Rusya\u2019n\u0131n tarihten gelen bo\u011fazlar konusundaki tutumundan kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na fiilen kat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra \u0130tilaf Devletleri taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019un kesin olarak T\u00fcrklerin elinden al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Rus H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u0130stanbul ve Bo\u011fazlar civar\u0131ndaki arazilerin kendilerine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 Sergei Sazonov arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerine ba\u015fvurdu1. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Rus H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bu talebine verdi\u011fi cevapta \u201cE\u011fer sava\u015f zaferle bitecek olursa, \u0130ngiltere, kendilerinin Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu arazisine ya da ba\u015fka yerlerdeki arazilerde (\u00f6zellikle \u0130ran) yapacaklar\u0131 taleplerinin olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 kayd\u0131 ile \u0130stanbul ve Bo\u011fazlar hakk\u0131ndaki Rus taleplerini tasvip edecektir\u201d deniyordu.<br \/>\n\u0130ngiltere i\u00e7in Ruslar\u0131n Bo\u011fazlar hakk\u0131ndaki tezlerini kabul etmek bir zorunluluktu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ruslar\u0131n Orta Avrupa ittifak grubu ile ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f yapmas\u0131 kendileri i\u00e7in telafisi \u00e7ok vahim sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilirdi.<br \/>\nFransa ise uzun s\u00fcre Rus taleplerine s\u0131cak bakmad\u0131. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n geleneksel do\u011fu politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc savunucusu Poincare, Papal\u0131k makam\u0131n\u0131n ve Fransa H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u0130stanbul\u2019un Ruslara b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 fikrini onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Poicare, bu gaye ile bir yandan politik gelenekleri hi\u00e7e sayarak Rus delegasyonunu bask\u0131 alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, di\u011fer taraftan \u201cRusya daha \u00c7anakkale harek\u00e2t\u0131na kat\u0131lmad\u0131, s\u00f6z verdikleri yard\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrlerde yok. E\u011fer<br \/>\n\u0130stanbul d\u00fc\u015ferse bunda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunmayacakt\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki Yunanistan da \u0130stanbul\u2019da Ruslar\u0131 g\u00f6rmektense \u015fehrin T\u00fcrklerin elinde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 tercih eder. E\u011fer (Ruslara) \u015fimdiden \u0130stanbul\u2019u almalar\u0131 iznini verirsek sava\u015fa ve \u00f6zellikle Almanya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 ilgilerini kaybedecektir\u201d diyerek h\u00fck\u00fcmetine \u0130stanbul konusunda Rusya\u2019y\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi3. Ancak Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Akdeniz\u2019de olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tehditden sonra Frans\u0131z H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Bo\u011fazlar konusundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine itiraz etmekten vazge\u00e7ti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rus donanmas\u0131n\u0131n Akdeniz\u2019de Frans\u0131z donanmas\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile itilaf donanmas\u0131, Almanya, Avusturya-Macaristan donanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Fransa\u2019ya tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131.<br \/>\nDi\u011fer taraftan Fransa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul ile ilgili Rusya\u2019ya g\u00fcvence verdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde Rusya, hen\u00fcz Bo\u011fazlarda yap\u0131lmakta olan asker\u00ee harek\u00e2ta kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunmuyordu. Bu husus m\u00fcttefikler aras\u0131nda tamamen g\u00fcven esas\u0131na dayanan<br \/>\nili\u015fkiler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Ancak ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te Rus ordular\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcttefik devletler lehine bat\u0131 cephesinde b\u00fct\u00fcn Avusturya-Macaristan ordusu ve Alman ordusunun da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7ekmi\u015f oldu\u011funu unutmamak gerekir. Ruslar bu cephedeki hareketleri ile m\u00fcttefikleri taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u0131lan Marn zaferinde b\u00fcy\u00fck pay sahibidir. Bundan ba\u015fka Ruslar Kafkas cephesinde T\u00fcrk ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 da sava\u015f\u0131yordu. Ancak 1914 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda bu cepheden bat\u0131 cephesine kayd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuvvetler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden T\u00fcrk ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda zor anlar ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden Grand\u00fck Nikola, 2 Ocak 1915\u2019de \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye m\u00fcracaat ederek Bo\u011fazlar\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin herhangi bir zay\u0131f noktas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yeni bir cephenin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fcttefiklerin kendilerine asker\u00ee malzeme konusunda yard\u0131mda bulunup bulunamayacaklar\u0131 konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini sordu. Bu soruya \u0130ngiliz Birinci Lord\u2019u K\u0131tchner\u2019in verdi\u011fi cevap \u201cT\u00fcrk mukavemetinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcttefiklerin ortak menfaatleri icab\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve bunun i\u00e7in de \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7ece\u011fini bildirdi. Fakat hala baz\u0131 teredd\u00fctlerini giderebilmi\u015f de\u011fildi. \u201cKafkasya\u2019da Ruslara cidd\u00ee surette nefes ald\u0131rtmak i\u00e7in ne yapabilece\u011fimizi bilmiyorum. T\u00fcrklerin kuvvetlerini Edirne\u2019den \u00e7ekerek Karadeniz yoluyla Kafkas Cephesine sevk ettikleri muhakkakt\u0131r. Bizim ciddi bir ihra\u00e7 hareketi i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f k\u0131talar\u0131m\u0131z da yok.<br \/>\nAncak T\u00fcrk askerlerinin \u015farka (do\u011fuya) ge\u00e7melerine man\u00ee olabilecek yeg\u00e2ne m\u00fcsbet i\u015f, bo\u011fazlar\u0131 elde etmek suretiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir\u201d kanaatindeydi6. Bu itibarla donanma komutan\u0131 Lord Fisher\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ald\u0131. Lord Fisher Amirallik Birinci Lord\u2019lu\u011funa yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta T\u00fcrkler aleyhine harekete ge\u00e7ilmesi l\u00fczumu \u00fczerinde durdu. Onun fikrine g\u00f6re, bu harek\u00e2ta Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 da i\u015ftirak ettirmek ve \u0130ngiliz asker\u00ee kuvvetini de yetmi\u015f be\u015f bin rakam\u0131ndan daha az tutmamak laz\u0131md\u0131. Balkanlar, Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan \u00fczerinden zorlan\u0131rken, donanma da b\u00fcy\u00fck haz\u0131rl\u0131klarla \u00c7anakkale\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fccuma ge\u00e7ecekti.<br \/>\nChurchill ise o tarihe kadar, \u00c7anakkale seferini bir kara sava\u015f\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ancak o da Fisher\u2019in projesinden etkilendi. Bu harek\u00e2t\u0131n sonucunda elde edilecek siyas\u00ee ve asker\u00ee neticelerin semerelerini toplamak i\u00e7in, te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn icap ettirece\u011fi riskler g\u00f6ze al\u0131nabilirdi. Bunun \u00fczerine Lord Fisher\u2019in de onay\u0131n\u0131 alarak Akdeniz donanmas\u0131 komutan\u0131 Amiral Carden\u2019e \u015fu telgraf\u0131 \u00e7ekti: \u201cBo\u011fazlar\u0131n donanma taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcyor musunuz? Bu harek\u00e2t i\u00e7in, burada may\u0131n taray\u0131c\u0131 gemilerle takviye edilen eski tip gemilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcnasip g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Neticenin ehemmiyeti, b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar\u0131 g\u00f6ze ald\u0131rabilir\u201d.<br \/>\n\u0130ki g\u00fcn sonra, Amiral Carden\u2019in verdi\u011fi cevapta \u201cBo\u011fazlar\u0131n derhal ele ge\u00e7irilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmekle beraber gitgide geli\u015fecek harek\u00e2t neticesinde zorlanarak da olsa muvaffakiyete ula\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131&#8230;\u201d<br \/>\nbelirtiliyordu.<br \/>\nBunun \u00fczerine Carden\u2019e geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir plan haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 emri verildi. Amiral Carden\u2019in plan\u0131 d\u00f6rt maddede \u00f6zetlenebilir.<br \/>\n1- Bo\u011faza giri\u015fteki savunma tesislerini tahrip etmek.<br \/>\n2- Bo\u011faz\u0131n i\u00e7inden Kepez Burnu\u2019na kadar olan savunma tesislerini bask\u0131<br \/>\nalt\u0131na almak ve susturmak.<br \/>\n3-\u00c7anakkale ve Kilitbah\u0131r savunma tesislerini zay\u0131flatmak ve susturmak.<br \/>\n4- May\u0131n tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 temizleyerek bir ge\u00e7it a\u00e7mak; \u00c7anakkale ve Kilitbah\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki savunma tesislerini susturup Marmara Denizi\u2019ne girerek \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015fmak.<br \/>\nBu planda g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan hususiyet, harp temposunun a\u011f\u0131r tutulmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk m\u00fcdafaa hatlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r bombard\u0131manlarla tahrip edilerek gemilerin g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7inde ilerlemesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131makt\u0131.<br \/>\n13 Ocak 1915\u2019te \u0130ngiliz harp komitesi bir kere daha topland\u0131. Churchill, Amiral Carden\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 izahat\u0131 komiteye sundu. Amiral Fisher, kara deste\u011fi olmadan zafere ula\u015fman\u0131n kolay olmayaca\u011f\u0131 fikrini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ancak Ba\u015fbakan Lloyd George ve Lord K\u0131tchner\u2019de Churchill gibi Amiral Carden\u2019in plan\u0131n\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rmesi \u00fczerine harp komitesi, \u00c7anakkale seferinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na oybirli\u011fi ile karar verdi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A- Neden \u00c7anakkale? Bundan sonraki Yaz\u0131m\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>18 MART 1915 \u00c7ANAKKALE DEN\u0130Z SAVA\u015eI Giri\u015f; \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131, Marmara Denizi\u2019ni \u00f6n\u00fcndeki mavilikle, \u00e7evresindeki ye\u015filli\u011fi dar ve k\u0131vr\u0131k bir uzan\u0131\u015fla Ege Denizi\u2019 nden ay\u0131r\u0131yor. \u015eehrin \u00fcstk\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bo\u011faz\u0131 daraltmak i\u00e7in k\u0131vr\u0131lan tepenin a\u00e7\u0131k kahverengi topra\u011f\u0131na beyaz b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ay y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00e7izilmi\u015f. \u0130ki taraf\u0131na da b\u00fcy\u00fck ve beyaz rakamlarla 18 Mart 1915 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Yaz\u0131 \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131 ile [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":52183,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3543],"tags":[3544],"class_list":["post-52182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarih","tag-18-mart-1915-canakkale-deniz-savasi"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52182"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52182\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}