{"id":51986,"date":"2024-02-28T10:12:36","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T07:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/?p=51986"},"modified":"2024-02-28T10:12:36","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T07:12:36","slug":"nigdede-9-000-yil-once-sivanarak-boyanmis-kafataslari-bulundu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/yerel-haber\/nigdede-9-000-yil-once-sivanarak-boyanmis-kafataslari-bulundu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ni\u011fde\u2019de 9.000 Y\u0131l \u00d6nce S\u0131vanarak Boyanm\u0131\u015f Kafataslar\u0131 Bulundu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ni\u011fde\u2019de yer alan Tepecik-\u00c7iftlik h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 9.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fayan insanlar, yedi ki\u015finin kafataslar\u0131n\u0131 kil ve kire\u00e7 ile s\u0131vayarak s\u00fcslemi\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Kafatas\u0131 \u00fczerinde s\u0131va maske kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131. C: Tepecik-\u00c7iftlik Ar\u015fivi.<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 9.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, \u201c\u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mlek \u00d6ncesi Neolitik\u201d olarak bilinen d\u00f6nemde, Orta Do\u011fu\u2019nun eski sakinleri, \u00f6l\u00fclerinin kafataslar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131vamak gibi tuhaf bir gelenek geli\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu zaman, bu s\u0131vanm\u0131\u015f kafatas\u0131 daha sonra daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeleri i\u00e7in renkli pigmentler ve di\u011fer \u015feylerle s\u00fcslendi, ancak arkeologlar bu tuhaf uygulaman\u0131n tam olarak neden ve nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin de\u011filler.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Neolitik s\u0131val\u0131 kafataslar\u0131, 1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda Filistin\u2019in Jericho yerle\u015fiminde arkeolog Kathleen Kenyon taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. Kille s\u0131vanm\u0131\u015f bu renkli kal\u0131nt\u0131larda, kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n orijinal sahiplerinin g\u00f6zlerini yeniden yaratmak amac\u0131yla g\u00f6z yuvalar\u0131na kabuklar da yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 cenaze t\u00f6reni uygulamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yorumlar farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterse de, Levant ve Anadolu\u2019da hemen hemen ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait yerle\u015fimlerde benzer \u00f6rnekler bulundu. En pop\u00fcler a\u00e7\u0131klama, kafataslar\u0131na yeniden hayat verilmesi i\u00e7in al\u00e7\u0131 maskeler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu nesnelere daha sonra ata fig\u00fcrleri olarak tap\u0131n\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

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G\u00f6z bo\u015fluklar\u0131nda s\u0131va dolgusu ve azurit mineralinin kemikte b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iz. C: Tepecik-\u00c7iftlik Ar\u015fivi.<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu gizemi ara\u015ft\u0131ran uzmanlar, \u015fimdi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ni\u011fde \u015fehrinde Tepecik-\u00c7iftlik arkeolojik alan\u0131nda bulunan yedi s\u0131val\u0131 kafatas\u0131 \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 analizler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bulgular\u0131n\u0131 yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada sunan yazarlar, incelenen kafataslar\u0131n 15-40 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki kad\u0131n ve erkekler ile 8-10 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa ait oldu\u011funu belirterek, literat\u00fcrdeki tart\u0131\u015fmaya atfen s\u0131val\u0131 kafataslar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Ata k\u00fclt\u00fc yerine Kafatas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fc teriminin durumu daha iyi a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

Makalenin ilk yazar\u0131 Do\u00e7. Dr. Ali Metin B\u00fcy\u00fckkarakaya, Arkeofili\u2019ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n orijinal ve \u00f6nemli taraflar\u0131ndan birinin \u00e7ok boyutlu analiz y\u00f6ntemi oldu\u011funu ifade ediyor. Do\u00e7. Dr. B\u00fcy\u00fckkarakaya\u2019ya g\u00f6re biyoarkeolojik analiz i\u00e7ine paleoradyolojinin bilgisayarl\u0131 tomografi y\u00f6ntemini dahil edilmesi bir\u00e7ok ke\u015ffe imkan tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckkarakaya, makroskobik analizin bu tip \u00f6rneklerde elde edilebilecek verinin az bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, s\u0131val\u0131 kafataslar\u0131ndan birinin g\u00f6z bo\u015flu\u011fu i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6zlemlenen iki di\u015f yerine, ger\u00e7ekte 11 tek k\u00f6kl\u00fc di\u015fin bulundu\u011fu bu sayede anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Dr. Fabio Cavalli taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan s\u0131val\u0131 kafatas\u0131 bilgisayarl\u0131 tomografi incelemesi.<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Di\u011fer s\u0131val\u0131 kafataslar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, bu kal\u0131nt\u0131lar da bir dizi pigment kullan\u0131larak boyanm\u0131\u015f bir malzemeyle kaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Azurit ve g\u00f6tit gibi renklendirici maddeleri tan\u0131mlayan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yazarlar\u0131, al\u00e7\u0131 maskelerde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve mavi tonlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, pigmentler ve kullan\u0131lan di\u011fer materyaller hakk\u0131ndaki arkeometrik incelemenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n da yay\u0131na haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyorlar.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u201cDaha dramatik bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm yaratmak i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilmi\u015f pigmentler kullan\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d diyor. Tepecik-\u00c7iftlik kafataslar\u0131nda g\u00f6z yerine deniz kabu\u011fu gibi s\u00fcslemeler bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yazarlar bu bulgular\u0131n di\u011fer \u00f6rneklerle tutarl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve muhtemelen ortak bir s\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr yoluyla aktar\u0131lan ortak bir \u2018i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fe\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Belki de en ilgin\u00e7 olan\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131val\u0131 kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fckleri mezarlardan birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131l daha eski oldu\u011funu da ke\u015ffetmeleriydi; bu da onlar\u0131n nihayet g\u00f6m\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce epey bir s\u00fcre kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu. \u201cBu sonu\u00e7lar, s\u0131val\u0131 kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli topluluk kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair bir ipucunun g\u00f6stergesi olarak al\u0131nabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Uzun s\u00fcreli kullan\u0131m s\u00fcreleri boyunca s\u0131val\u0131 kafataslar\u0131 muhtemelen birka\u00e7 tur r\u00f6tu\u015f ve yenileme gerektirmi\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Bunun kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131, ana maske tamamland\u0131ktan sonra bi\u00e7imlendirildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan Tepecik-\u00c7iftlik kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Kemiklerdeki kesik izleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer bulgular, se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bireylerin kafataslar\u0131ndaki yumu\u015fak dokular\u0131n s\u0131vama i\u015flemi ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair somut kan\u0131tlar sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ni\u011fde\u2019de yer alan Tepecik-\u00c7iftlik h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 9.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fayan insanlar, yedi ki\u015finin kafataslar\u0131n\u0131 kil ve kire\u00e7 ile s\u0131vayarak s\u00fcslemi\u015f. Kafatas\u0131 \u00fczerinde s\u0131va maske kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131. C: Tepecik-\u00c7iftlik Ar\u015fivi. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 9.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, \u201c\u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mlek \u00d6ncesi Neolitik\u201d olarak bilinen d\u00f6nemde, Orta Do\u011fu\u2019nun eski sakinleri, \u00f6l\u00fclerinin kafataslar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131vamak gibi tuhaf bir gelenek geli\u015ftirdiler. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman, bu s\u0131vanm\u0131\u015f kafatas\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":51987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3711,1696],"tags":[3443,3444,3446,3445],"class_list":["post-51986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arkeoloji","category-yerel-haber","tag-azurit-ve-gotit-gibi-renklendirici-maddeler","tag-biyoarkeoloji","tag-canak-comlek-oncesi-neolitik","tag-paleoradyoloji"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51986"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51986\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51986"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}