{"id":48507,"date":"2023-11-30T23:19:40","date_gmt":"2023-11-30T20:19:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/?p=48507"},"modified":"2023-11-30T23:19:40","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T20:19:40","slug":"genetik-calisma-ten-rengi-evrimini-aydinlatiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/bilim\/genetik-calisma-ten-rengi-evrimini-aydinlatiyor\/","title":{"rendered":"Genetik \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, Ten Rengi Evrimini Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"article-content clearfix\">\u0130nsanlarda en g\u00f6zlenebilen ve de\u011fi\u015fken karakterlerden biri olan ten renginin evrimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te nas\u0131l bu kadar farkl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 her zaman merak edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"http:\/\/arkeofili.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ten3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32426\" src=\"https:\/\/arkeofili.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ten3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"690\" height=\"414\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Nil-Sahra pastoral pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131, Afrika\u2019daki en koyu tenlerden birine sahip. C: Alessia Ranciaro<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Yak\u0131n zamanda, UCL\u2019den genetik\u00e7iler, farkl\u0131 Latin Amerika topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 incelemeleri sonucunda ten rengi ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 yeni genetik varyasyonlar tan\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><em>Nature Communications<\/em>\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, Avrasyal\u0131 toplumlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen a\u00e7\u0131k ten rengi, di\u011fer genetik arka planlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak evrimle\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>Genetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Yerli Amerikal\u0131, Avrupal\u0131 ve Afrikal\u0131 soylar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olan 6.000\u2019den fazla Latin Amerikal\u0131n\u0131n pigmentasyonunu analiz etti.<\/p>\n<p>15.000 ile 20.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Do\u011fu Sibirya\u2019dan Kuzey Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Do\u011fu Asya\u2019l\u0131lar\u0131n Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131nda ilk yerle\u015fim birimlerini olu\u015fturduklar\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Yerli Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n Do\u011fu Asyal\u0131larla genetik olarak \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olduklar\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Bunun sonucunda da Yerli Amerikal\u0131larda g\u00f6r\u00fclen genetik varyasyonlar\u0131n genel olarak Do\u011fu Asyal\u0131larda payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ten, g\u00f6z ve sa\u00e7 renginin de dahil oldu\u011fu be\u015f yeni ve birbiri ile ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeyi tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Ten rengini etkileyen genler Avrupa\u2019da geni\u015f oranda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar sadece Do\u011fu Asyal\u0131lar ve Yerli Amerikal\u0131lardaki MFSD12 geninde \u00f6nemli bir varyasyon ke\u015ffettiler.<\/p>\n<p>Bulgulara g\u00f6re bahsi ge\u00e7en gen, Do\u011fu Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n 40.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Avrupal\u0131lardan ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim alt\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve Yerli Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7leri ile Amerika\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu, bu genin Yerli Amerikal\u0131lar ve Do\u011fu Asyal\u0131larda ten rengi ile ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma.<\/p>\n<p>UCL Genetik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019den Dr. Kaustubh Adhikari, \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131k ten renginin Avrupa ve Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak evrimle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Ayr\u0131ca, bu genin Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 miktarlar\u0131 ve ultraviyole radyasyonda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fimlere kar\u015f\u0131 edinilmi\u015f adaptasyonlardan dolay\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim bask\u0131s\u0131nda oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6steriyor.\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r insanlar\u0131n fiziksel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinden etkilenen biyologlar bu varyasyonlara sebep olan y\u00fczlerce gen tespit ettilerse de hala tam \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir\u00e7ok nokta var.<\/p>\n<p>Daha yak\u0131n zamanda bir grup bilim insan\u0131, Afrika\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen ten rengi \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine sebep genlerle ilgili ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar. Latin Amerikal\u0131lar da Afrikal\u0131lar gibi genetik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u2013 \u00f6zellikle pigmentasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u2013 yeterli oranda ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"http:\/\/arkeofili.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ten2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32425\" src=\"https:\/\/arkeofili.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ten2.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Agaw (solda) ve Surma (sa\u011f) halklar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclenler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli ten tonlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan genleri belirlediler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cLatin Amerikal\u0131larda pigmentasyon farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u2013 ten rengi gibi \u2013 genellikle bireylerin Avrupa veya Afrikadan gelen soylar\u0131n\u0131n derecesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc. Fakat yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131za g\u00f6re bu farkl\u0131l\u0131k bireylerin Yerli soylar\u0131ndan da miras kal\u0131yor,\u201d diyor UCL Genetik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Dr. Javier Mendoza-Revilla.<\/p>\n<p>Profes\u00f6r Desmond Tobin (University College Dublin, Charles Dermatoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc) bu durumu \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor, \u201cMelanin pigmenti sa\u00e7, ten ve g\u00f6z rengimizi belirler. MFSD12 geni ise melanin pigmentinin deride \u00fcretimi ve depolanmas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyerek ten rengimize de etki etmi\u015f oluyor. Koyu renkteki tenlerde melanin \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 fazlad\u0131r ve bu UV \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n DNA\u2019y\u0131 etkilemesini engelleyerek bireylerin deri kanserine yakalanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir koruyucu g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0130lgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde, bu gen Afrikal\u0131larda yap\u0131lan ten rengi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda da s\u00f6z konusuydu, fakat de\u011fi\u015fkenler bizim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zdakilerden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131. Bu durum insanlardaki inan\u0131lmaz genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi vurgularken bizim de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma topluluklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmemiz gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.\u201d Diyor yine UCL Genetik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Profes\u00f6r Andres Ruiz-Linares. Prof. Ruiz-Linares Brezilya, Kolombiya, \u015eili, Meksika ve Peru\u2019dan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 kapsayan CANDELA projesinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Dr. Anood Sohail,\u201dT\u0131pk\u0131 ten rengi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi, \u00f6nceki g\u00f6z rengi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da Avrupa merkezli olup daha \u00e7ok mavi ve kahverengi g\u00f6zler aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa odakl\u0131yd\u0131. Fakat, g\u00f6z rengi inan\u0131lmaz geni\u015f bir palete sahip. Biz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131zda, kahverengiden siyaha farkl\u0131l\u0131klar yaratan daha ince de\u011fi\u015fikliklere sebep olan genler tespit ettik.\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bulgular\u0131, Latin Amerikal\u0131larda ten, sa\u00e7 ve g\u00f6z rengi varyasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak, insan evrimine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmak ve deri kanseri gibi genetik risk fakt\u00f6rlerini anlamak gibi bir\u00e7ok alanda yeni bilgilere ve bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130nsanlarda en g\u00f6zlenebilen ve de\u011fi\u015fken karakterlerden biri olan ten renginin evrimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te nas\u0131l bu kadar farkl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 her zaman merak edilmi\u015ftir. Nil-Sahra pastoral pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131, Afrika\u2019daki en koyu tenlerden birine sahip. C: Alessia Ranciaro Yak\u0131n zamanda, UCL\u2019den genetik\u00e7iler, farkl\u0131 Latin Amerika topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 incelemeleri sonucunda ten rengi ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 yeni genetik varyasyonlar tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Nature Communications\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":48509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1387,1388],"tags":[1523,1524,1522,1521,1525],"class_list":["post-48507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-kultur","tag-afrika","tag-mfsd12-geni","tag-nil-sahra-pastoral-populasyon","tag-ten-rengi","tag-ucl-genetik-enstitusu"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48507"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48507\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imgazete.tr\/yalova-cinarcik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}